Hepatitis
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Dr. Raosaheb Rathod
M.B.B.S, M. D. (Medicine), D.M. (Gastroenterology)
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Hepatitis
Hepatitis refers to inflammation of the liver, which can be caused by viral infections, alcohol abuse, autoimmune diseases, medications, toxins, or metabolic disorders. Viral hepatitis, caused by hepatitis viruses (A, B, C, D, and E), is the most common form and can lead to acute or chronic liver disease. Hepatitis A and E are typically transmitted through contaminated food or water, while hepatitis B, C, and D spread through blood or body fluids, often through unprotected sex, sharing needles, or from mother to child during childbirth.
Symptoms of hepatitis vary depending on the cause and can range from mild flu-like symptoms (fatigue, fever, nausea, and abdominal pain) to severe jaundice (yellowing of the skin and eyes), dark urine, and clay-colored stools. Chronic hepatitis, especially hepatitis B and C, can lead to liver cirrhosis, liver failure, and hepatocellular carcinoma (liver cancer) if untreated.
Diagnosis of hepatitis involves blood tests to detect viral markers and assess liver function, imaging studies like ultrasound or CT scan to evaluate liver health, and sometimes liver biopsy for definitive diagnosis and staging. Treatment varies based on the type and stage of hepatitis but may include antiviral medications, immune modulators, lifestyle changes (such as avoiding alcohol and maintaining a healthy diet), and in severe cases, liver transplantation.
Prevention of hepatitis includes vaccination (for hepatitis A and B), practicing safe sex, avoiding sharing needles, and maintaining good hygiene practices. Early detection, proper management, and lifestyle modifications are crucial in managing hepatitis effectively, preventing complications, and improving overall liver health.