Symptoms occur when gallstones block the bile ducts, leading to intense abdominal pain, typically in the upper right or middle abdomen, which can radiate to the back or right shoulder. This pain, known as biliary colic, may be accompanied by nausea, vomiting, and jaundice if the blockage persists. Risk factors for gallstones include obesity, a high-fat diet, rapid weight loss, certain medical conditions, and genetic predisposition. Diagnosis is usually confirmed through ultrasound or other imaging techniques. Treatment options range from watchful waiting in asymptomatic cases to medications that dissolve gallstones, and surgical removal of the gallbladder (cholecystectomy) for symptomatic cases. Prompt treatment is crucial to prevent complications such as cholecystitis, pancreatitis, or bile duct infections.